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PHP2Shell: two critical PHP core vulnerabilities, CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619, CVSS 4.0 score 9.2, fixed in PHP 8.2.35, 8.3.36, 8.4.27 and 8.5.12

Software Development

PHP2Shell: what broke in PHP’s core, what it cost, and what comes next

Two critical bugs in the PHP engine put about 69% of websites at risk. What PHP2Shell is, the damage counted so far, what to do now, and why this will happen again.

11 min read
A vague prompt leads to generic output; an engineered prompt with role, facts, task and format leads to output ready to ship.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 1/10] What Is Prompt Engineering and Why It Matters for AI Agents

What a prompt is, what prompt engineering adds, and why the skill matters more as AI agents take on real work. With copy-ready templates.

15 min read
Featured image: the input "The release is delayed until" with bars showing the probability of each next token.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 2/10] How LLMs Work: Generative AI Basics for Better Prompts

Tokens, context windows, sampling and the six limits of LLMs, explained with copy-ready prompts that work around each one.

15 min read
A prompt split into five colour-coded parts: role, additional information, examples, directive and output format.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 3/10] Prompt Structure: The Five Parts of an Effective Prompt

The five parts of an effective prompt, the order that works with long inputs, and how delimiters keep data apart from instructions. Includes a template.

15 min read
Instruction and role prompting: a role layer and a numbered instruction layer combine into one on-brief AI output.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 4/10] Instruction and Role Prompting: Clear Tasks, the Right Persona

Write instructions an AI model follows on the first try, and use role prompting where it actually helps: tone and depth, not accuracy. Copy-ready examples.

16 min read
Three example cards feed a model that returns consistent JSON, illustrating zero-shot, one-shot and few-shot prompting.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 5/10] Zero-Shot, One-Shot and Few-Shot Prompting: A Practical Guide

When to add examples to a prompt, how many to use, and how examples control labels, format and JSON output. Copy-ready templates included.

12 min read
Role, context, examples and format blocks merge into one tested prompt, next to the title "Combine, prime, iterate".

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 6/10] Combining Prompt Techniques: Priming, Iteration and a 5-Step Method

How to combine roles, context, examples and formats in one prompt, improve it round by round, prime a chat, and turn it into a tested tool.

17 min read
A report, meeting notes and a contract flow into three outputs: a summary, a status table and a contract risk list.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 7/10] AI Prompts for Summaries, Tables and Document Analysis

Copy-ready prompts to summarize for a specific reader, extract action items, build tables, check numbers, quiz yourself and review contracts safely.

17 min read
One product fact sheet feeding four AI-written outputs: an email, a blog outline, a search ad within its 30-character limit and a social post.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 8/10] AI Writing Prompts for Emails, Blogs and Marketing (with Templates)

Copy-ready AI writing prompts for short posts, emails, blog articles and marketing copy, plus how to control tone, keep facts true and respect character limits.

16 min read
A coding prompt with environment, task, constraints and done criteria feeding an editor whose test run shows 6 passed.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 9/10] AI Coding Assistant Prompts: Generate, Debug, Refactor and Test Code

Copy-ready prompts for coding with ChatGPT, Claude or Copilot: specs, debugging, refactoring, tests, code review, agent instruction files.

17 min read
A user question flows into a retriever that ranks help-center chunks, then into a grounded answer that cites KB-205.

Prompt Engineering

[Guide 10/10] How to Build a Knowledge Base Chatbot with LLMs and RAG

How chatbots remember, how RAG finds the right document, a grounded prompt that cites or says "I don't know", and a no-code email summarizer.

20 min read
Four evidence cards feed a five-axis radar chart, with the one axis that lacks evidence drawn as a dashed line.

AI Development

How to Evaluate AI Tools Objectively: Six Tests for Any Rating

Learn to weigh the five kinds of evidence behind an AI tool rating, apply six checkable tests before you trust a score, and run a pilot scorecard your own team can defend.

11 min read